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What ever happened to public toilets?

On World Toilet Day the author asks: "How do you manage to enjoy a city if you're constantly worrying about "holding it"?"

TOILETS  Federal hill

Vintage “comfort station” (ie public restroom) converted to a community visitors’ center by Historic Federal Hill Main Street.

Photo by: Art Cohen

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“For some reason which is never clear to any foreigner, American cities tend to ignore one of the simple facts of nature.”

The need to urinate is what was being referenced delicately in this article about toilet availability, published in The Baltimore Evening Sun on January 2, 1941, on the eve of the arrival of 50,000 troops on their way to fight in World War II.

To accommodate the full bladders of an earlier wave of soldiers, during World War I, Baltimore churches had opened their toilet facilities to members of the public needing restrooms.  In 1942, the City’s Advisory Engineers recommended that the City Plan Commission add seven additional public toilets (referred to as “comfort stations”) to the nine that had been constructed in or near Baltimore markets between 1907 and 1929.

Former public bath house in Pigtown is now a community center. (Photo by Art Cohen)

Former public bath house in Pigtown is now a community center. (Photo by Art Cohen)

The city’s lack of public toilets is even more glaring these days than it was back in 1941, a fact worth pondering today, World Toilet Day.  Although many American cities used to have public restrooms staffed by attendants, by the 1980′s, such tax-supported restrooms became hard to find, and they were closed by public authorities who resisted upgrading them and making them accessible to all.

Baltimore’s public comfort stations and similar facilities have gradually fallen into disuse or been converted to other uses, such as the public bath in Pigtown turned into a community center or the public “comfort station” in Federal Hill turned into a Visitor’s Center and office for Federal Hill Main Street.

The words “public toilets” bring to mind tax-supported bathrooms in public facilities such as government offices, libraries, parks, and educational institutions.  There was a time when they also included locations on busy city streets.

Recently, the definition of  “public” has broadened to mean any toilets available for public use, which includes many commercial establishments. (In 2005, WBALTV published a report on the best and worst of commercial restrooms in the Baltimore area).

Here in the U.S., such toilets have been made widely available for years by fast food establishments.  Portland, Oregon has begun a vocal campaign to expand the number and accessibility of toilets for the public.

According to Portland’s campaign, using the initials PHLUSH (“public hygiene lets us stay human”), “restrooms are as central…as sidewalks and street lights [to a] 21st century vision…[of] sustainability, urban living, childhood fitness, active aging, and vibrant public spaces.”

Portland Loo at SW Taylor and Naito (Photo by Brian Libby)

PHLUSH has focused its citizen advocacy on local political officials, planners, architects, and leaders of non-profit groups.  The PHLUSH-ers hope that their potties-for-Portland campaign can be successfully replicated in other American cities.

Another restroom group, which advocates for better restroom design, is the American Restroom Association, which is located here in Maryland.

South Korea is a world leader in a new consciousness for toilets for the public, and follows the broader definition of “public.”  In fact, the municipal government of the city of Gangnam, in one section of Seoul, Korea, offers a subsidy to businesses and even private residences that make their toilets available to the general public.  Gangnam is the third Korean city since 2008 to have been recognized internationally for its efforts to provide high-quality public sanitary facilities.

The British Toilet Association runs an annual contest for “Loo of the Year” and gives awards in 60 different categories of toilets “away from home.”  The association also grants awards for “toilet attendant of the year.”  The results of the contest are published and disseminated widely throughout Great Britain.

One of the major obstacles to the use of public toilets in the US has been the lack of information as to where they are located.  A new initiative has been developed to map the location of public toilets around the country and around the world with an attention-grabbing website called “sit or squat.”

The question remains:  How do you manage to enjoy a city, get out of your car, walk around, take in the sights, linger a while – when there are few if any public bathrooms? When you constantly have to worry about “holding it”?  And this is especially unpleasant if you have any problems incontinence due to age, illness, or disability.

Portland, Oregon seems to be facing this problem.  Perhaps it’s time for other American cities, including Baltimore, to do so as well.

It is unlikely to be a fully functional toilet, but here we see a South Korean boy on an ice toilet at Ice Gallery in Seoul, South Korea. (AP Photo/ Lee Jin-man)

It is unlikely to be a fully functional toilet, but here we see a South Korean boy on an ice toilet at Ice Gallery in Seoul, South Korea. (AP Photo/ Lee Jin-man)

Golden bowls, tenor horn urinals, and much, much more. Get a load of the wacky commodes in the World Toilet Organization’s full slide show .

  • Bettygrobinson

    Kudos to this author. Art Cohen is one of the best researchers in Baltimore who makes us aware of things we should pay attention to for our collective urban future — whether it is public transportation or sanitation.

  • Usha Nellore

    I love the BB for its quirky articles. An eclectic discussion on toilets makes my day. I have plenty to say on the subject folks because I am originally from India, the kingdom of public urination and public excretion in general. Not that I want to disparage my mother land, where I grew up impervious to the smell of urine mixed with the pungent odor of sweat and masala but I am an authority, as are many other Indians I know, on pissing (un)gentlemen, their flies open, no fussy phlush to distract them from their bladders’ call. A compound wall is a wall that surrounds bungalows in many Indian cities, and this is where gentlemen most urgently distressed by their overflowing bladders relieve themselves. They are the bane of the aristocratic Indians, these shameless exhibitionists. I loved them though when I was a teenager; those rotten Indian apples, the ones with no manners or civic sense as my grandmother used to say. They were so nonchalant then as they are now, oblivious to the hostile stares of the sophisticates, the giggles of the children and the curses of the women who had to step over the puddles of urine that formed on the sidewalks from their fountains shed over compound walls. The compound walls made of bricks and cement, white washed and beautified by the rich folks behind them, usually crumble prematurely under the chemical assault. This is the revenge of the have nots against the haves, an unintended but delicious side effect of the act of public micturition, the laying to waste of the symbolic separation of the classes, compound walls eroded by urine to heaps of astringent dust! In the good old days, my grandmother was a monster for public health and hygiene. In a land where the odds are stacked up against sanitation freaks, she always placed herself like a head rearing cobra, between our compound wall and the urinating adventurers. We had a dog then, a mangy bark worse than bite creature called Monte Carlo, and commanded by my grandmother he would spring to action and put on an attack mode drama to scare the crap out of men in mid micturition. How I defended those men against my grandmother! I imagined myself a champion of the poor in the throes of my teenage rebellion and my grandmother with mangy Monte Carlo by her side, represented for me, all that is reprehensible in the Indian upper class. I told her that I would relieve myself too on the streets if I were poor, because there are no public toilets worth using in Chennai where we lived. I accused her of being a sadist, because only a sadist would interrupt a urinating man in mid flow with a rudely barking dog. I would challenge her to explain to me what she would do if she came from the lower classes, where she would go to relieve herself. But the woman was an adamant defender of her compound wall. She consigned me to the ass kind with a wave of her hand and after each successful thwarted public micturition, she would strut toward our home with the bearing of a queen, Monte Carlo frisking behind her for approval, written all over her plump face the triumph of a mission accomplished and a street battle won.. This grandmother of mine though had never visited an Indian public toilet as I had. In my teenage years I did everything I was not supposed to do–by today’s standards these forbidden fruits were innocuous–I was not supposed to go to the slums near my home–I always walked through those slums. I was not supposed to check out public toilets, edifices from which the stench of human excrement emanated to foul the city air, and I checked out those toilets more than once. In fact I checked them out in different areas of the city, and never did I find one bearable enough to navigate or use. No wonder the men in my true story found the compound walls in the city most inviting. There are countries in the world folks where a clean toilet is not to be seen for hundreds of miles. All that stuff you read about how advanced India and China are, the stuff that Thomas Friedman writes about, that these two countries are the giants that will spring on all paws to strike us down; do not buy it. I can safely bet that Thomas Friedman never visited a public toilet in India or China. I can also safely bet that India or China or both will wrest the title of superpower from our hands only when their public toilets get better and ours get worse. The power of phlush is far more potent than the power of plush. Amen! Usha

  • Triskie

    In Australia, the problem has been solved by the ubiquitous Shopping Mall – every small town has one; every city has heaps of “Westfield”s, or similar, open early and late. Billionaire Frank Lowry deserves recognition of his contribution to free public sanitation – and perhaps an even greater award, if you could persuade him to install ecosan facilities in his Malls, in cites worldwide, as his empire grows?

  • http://www.lockersnmore.com/toilet-partitions.php toilet partitions

    Public sanitation is important. It is kind of disappointing if there are no public toilets out there.

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